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Snow hydrology is a scientific study in the field of hydrology which focuses on the composition, dispersion, and movement of snow and ice. Studies of snow hydrology predate the Anno Domini era, although major breakthroughs were not made until the mid eighteenth century. Snowfall, accumulation and melt are important hydrological processes in watersheds at high altitudes or latitudes. In many western states in USA, snow melt accounts for a large percentage of the spring runoff that serves as water supply to reservoirs, urban populations and agricultural activities.〔Kirk 1978 pg 16〕 A large portion of snow hydrology groups are pursuing new methods for incorporating snow hydrology into distributed models over complex terrain through theoretical developments, model development and testing with field and remote sensing data sets. Snow hydrology is quite complex and involves both mass and energy balance calculations over a time-varying snow pack which is influenced by spatial location in the watershed, interaction with vegetation and redistribution by winds. Some researchers seek to accurately capture snow dynamics at a point and over a domain as the spatial pattern of snow cover area is readily observable from remote sensing.〔Seidel 2003 pg 43〕 ==Overview of Snow== Snow and ice accounts for around 75% of the earth’s entire freshwater volume but lacks the capability of reliable applications. In comparison, the water supplied from rivers and freshwater lakes carries a consistent annual source of water. These natural bodies of water are formed through springs, rainfall and mountainous snow runoff. According to estimates, snow represents about 5% of the precipitation that reaches the Earth’s surface.〔Singh 2001 pg. 5〕 Due to the large amount of water held within these sources, snow hydrology has been a growing study in the field of river tides and seasonal flow rates. Despite common belief, snow fall is not the main cause for the destruction of organic matter in cold climates. The most damaging aspect is cold temperature winds that exist above the snow pack surface. Studies have shown the insulating properties of snow defend the plants and small animals in the environment from these frigid winds. “The snow itself is the habitat for various micro-organisms like snow worms and algae.”〔DeWalle 2008 pg. 6〕 Without consistent annual snowfall, many plants would be destroyed due to frost damage. Both Ice worms (Mesenchytraeus Solifugus) and green algae are unique organisms that can live in glacial and snowy habitats. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Snow hydrology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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